English Grammar

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 2 PRESENT AND PAST, SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE
  • 2-1 SIMPLE PRESENT
  • 2-2 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
  • 2-3 STATIVEVERBS
  • 2-4 AM/IS/ARE BEING + ADJECTIVE
  • 2-5 REGUlAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
  • 2-6 REGUlAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF -ED ENDINGS
  • 2-7 IRREGUlAR VERBS: AN ALPHABETICAL liST
  • 2-8 TROUBLESOME VERBS: RAISE/RISE, SET/SIT, LAY/LIE
  • 2-9 SIMPLE PAST
  • 2-10 PAST PROGRESSIVE
  • 2-11 USING PROGRESSIVE VERBS WITH ALWAYS TO COMPLAIN
  • 2-12 USING EXPRESSIONS OF PLACE WITH PROGRESSIVE VERBS
Chapter 3 PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
  • 3-1 PRESENT PERFECT
  • 3-2 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
  • 3-3 PAST PERFECT
  • 3-4 PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Chapter 4 FUTURE TIME
  • 4-1 SIMPLE FUTURE: WILL AND BE GOING TO
  • 4-2 WILL vs. BE GOING TO
  • 4-3 EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES
  • 4-4 USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND THE SIMPLE PRESENT TO EXPRESS FUTURE TIME
  • 4-5 FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
  • 4-6 FUTURE PERFECT
  • 4-7 FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Chapter 5 ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME AND REVIEW OF VERB TENSES
  • 5-1 ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME: FORM
  • 5-2 USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW TIME RBLATIONSHIPS
Chapter 6 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
  • 6-1 FINAL -SI-ES: USE, PRONUNCIATION, AND SPELLING
  • 6-2 BASIC SUBJECT-VERB AGRBEMENT
  • 6-3 SUBJECT-VERB AGRBEMENT: USING EXPRBSSIONS OF QUANTITY
  • 6-4 SUBJECT-VERB AGRBEMENT: USING THERE + BE
  • 6-5 SUBJECT-VERB AGRBEMENT: SOME IRREGULARITIES
Chapter 7 NOUNS
  • 7-1 RBGULAR AND IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS
  • 7-2 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
  • 7-3 USING NOUNS AS MODIFIERS
  • 7-4 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
  • 7-5 NONCOUNTNOUNS
  • 7-6 SOME COMMON NONCOUNT NOUNS
  • 7-7 BASIC ARTICLE USAGE
  • 7-8 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
  • 7-9 EXPRBSSIONS OF QUANTITY
  • 7-10 USING A FEW AND FEW; A LITTLE AND LITTLE
  • 7-ll USING OF IN EXPRBSSIONS OF QUANTITY
  • 7-12 ALL (OF) AND BOTH (OF)
  • 7-13 SINGULAR EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY: ONE, EACH, EVERY
Chapter 8 PRONOUNS
  • 8-1 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
  • 8-2 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: AGREEMENT WITH GENERIC NOUNS AND
  • INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
  • 8-3 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: AGREEMENT WITH COLLECTIVE NOUNS
  • 8-4 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
  • 8-5 USING YOU, ONE, AND THEY AS IMPERSONAL PRONOUNS
  • 8-6 FORMS OF OTHER
  • 8-7 COMMON EXPRESSIONS WITH OTHER
Chapter 9 MODALS, PART 1
  • 9-1 INTRODUCTION
  • 9-2 POLITE QUESTIONS WITH I AS THE SUBJECT
  • 9-3 POLITE QUESTIONS WITH YOU AS THE SUBJECT
  • 9-4 POLITE REQUESTS WITH WOULD YOU MIND
  • 9-5 EXPRESSINGNECESSITY:MUST,HAVETO,HAVEGOTTO
  • 9-6 LACK OF NECESSITY AND PROHIBITION: HAVE TO AND MUST IN THE NEGATIVE
  • 9-7 ADVISABILITY: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER
  • 9-8 THE PAST FORM OF SHOULD
  • 9-9 EXPECTATIONS: BE SUPPOSED TO
  • 9-10 MAKING SUGGESTIONS: LET'S, WHY DON'T, SHALL IIWE
  • 9-11 MAKING SUGGESTIONS: COULD VS. SHOULD
Chapter 10 MODALS, PART 2
  • 10-1 DEGREES OF CERTAINTY: PRESENT TIME
  • 10-2 DEGREES OF CERTAINTY: PRESENT TIME NEGATIVE
  • 10-3 DEGREES OF CERTAINTY: PAST TIME
  • 10-4 DEGREES OF CERTAINTY: FUTURE TIME
  • 10-5 PROGRESSIVE FORMS OF MODALS
  • 10-6 ABILITY: CAN AND COULD
  • 10-7 USING WOULDTO EXPRESS A REPEATED ACTION IN THE PAST
  • 10-8 EXPRESSING PREFERENCE: WOULD RATHER
  • 10-9 COMBINING MODALSWITH PHRASAL MODALS
  • 10-10 SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS
Chapter 11 THE PASSIVE
  • 11-1 FORMING THE PASSIVE
  • 11-2 USING THE PASSIVE
  • 11-3 INDIRECT OBJECTS USED AS PASSIVE SUBJECTS
  • 11-4 THE PASSIVE FORM OF MODALS AND PHRASAL MODALS
  • 11-5 STATIVE PASSIVE
  • 11-6 COMMON STATIVE PASSIVE VERES + PREPOSITIONS
  • 11-7 THEPASSIVEWITHGET
  • 11-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES
 Chapter 12 NOUN CLAUSES
  • 12-1  INTRODUCTION
  • 12-2  NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH A QUESTION WORD
  • 12-3  NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH WHETHER OR IF
  • 12-4  QUESTION WORDS FOllOWED BY INFINITIVES
  • 12-5  NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH THAT
  • 12-6  QUOTED SPEECH
  • 12-7  REPORTED SPEECH: VERB FORMS IN NOUN CLAUSES
  • 12-8  USING THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN NOUN CLAUSES
  • 12-9  USING -EVER WORDS
Chapter 13 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
  • 13-1 INTRODUCTION
  • 13-2 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE PRONOUNS USED AS THE SUBJECT
  • 13-3 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE PRONOUNS USED AS THE OBJECT OF A VERB
  • 13-4 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE PRONOUNS USED AS THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
  • 13-5 USUAL PATTERNS OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
  • 13-6 USING WHOSE
  • 13-7 USING WHERE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
  • 13-8 USING WHEN IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
  • 13-9 USING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO MODIFY PRONOUNS
  • 13-10 PUNCTUATING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
  • 13-11 USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
  • 13-12 USING NOUN + OFWHICH
  • 13-13 USING WHICH TO MODIFY A WHOLE SENTENCE
  • 13-14 REDUCING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES: INTRODUCTION
  • 13-15 CHANGING AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE TO AN ADJECTIVE PHRASE
Chapter 14 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1
  • 14-1 GERUNDS: INTRODUCTION
  • 14-2 USING GERUNDS AS THE OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
  • 14-3 COMMON PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS
  • 14-4 COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS
  • 14-5 GO + GERUND
  • 14-6 SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY -ING
  • 14-7 COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES
  • 14-8 COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVES OR GERUNDS
  • 14-9 REFERENCE LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS
  • 14-10 REFERENCE LIST OFVERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES
  • 14-11 IT + INFINITIVE; GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES AS SUBJECTS
Chapter 15 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 2
  • 15-1 INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE: IN ORDER TO
  • 15-2 ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES
  • 15-3 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
  • 15-4 PASSIVE AND PAST FORMS OF INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
  • 15-5 USING GERUNDS OR PASSIVE INFINITIVES FOLLOWING NEED
  • 15-6 USING A POSSESSIVE TO MODIFY A GERUND
  • 15-7 USING VERBS OF PERCEPTION
  • 15-8 USING THE SIMPLE FORM AFTER LET AND HELP
  • 15-9 USING CAUSATIVE VERBS: MAKE, HAVE, GET
Chapter 16 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
  • 16-1 PARALLEL STRUCTURE
  • 16-2 USING PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS: BOTH .. . AND; NOT ONLY .•. BUT ALSO; EITHER . .. OR; NEITHER • .. NOR
  • 16-3 COMBINING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES WITH COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Chapter 17 ADVERB CLAUSES
  • 17-1 INTRODUCTION
  • 17-2 USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW CAUSE AND EFFECT
  • 17-3 EXPRESSING CONTRAST (UNEXPECTED RESULT): USING EVEN THOUGH
  • 17-4 SHOWING DIRECT CONTRAST: WHILE AND WHEREAS
  • 17-5 EXPRESSING CONDITIONS IN ADVERB CLAUSES: IF-CLAUSES
  • 17-6 ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONDITION: USING WHETHER OR NOT AND EVEN IF
  • 17-7 ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONDITION: USING IN CASE AND IN THE EVENT THAT
  • 17-8 ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONDITION: USING UNLESS
  • 17-9 ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONDITION: USING ONLY IF
Chapter 18 REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
  • 18-1 INTRODUCTION
  • 18-2 CHANGING TIME CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
  • 18-3 EXPRESSING THE IDEA OF "DURING THE SAMETIME" IN MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
  • 18-4 EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT IN MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
  • 18-5 USING UPON + -ING IN MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
Chapter 19 CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST, AND CONDITION
  • 19-1 USING BECAUSE OF AND DUE TO
  • 19-2 USING TRANSITIONS TO SHOW CAUSE AND EFFECT: THEREFORE AND CONSEQUENTLY
  • 19-3 SUMMARY OF PATTERNS AND PUNCTUATION
  • 19-4 OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT: SUCH ... THAT AND SO ... THAT
  • 19-5 EXPRESSING PURPOSE: USING SO THAT
  • 19-6 SHOWING CONTRAST (UNEXPECTED RESULT)
  • 19-7 SHOWING DIRECT CONTRAST
  • 19-8 EXPRESSING CONDITIONS: USING OTHERWISE AND OR (ELSE)
  • 19-9 SUMMARY OF CONNECTNES: CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST, CONDITION
Chapter 20 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES
  • 20-1 OVERVIEW OF BASIC VERB FORMS USED IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
  • 20-2 TRUE IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
  • 20-3 UNTRUE (CONTRARY TO FACT) IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
  • 20-4 UNTRUE (CONTRARY TO FACT) IN THE PAST
  • 20-5 USING PROGRESSNE VERB FORMS IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
  • 20-6 USING "MIXED TIME" IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
  • 20-7 OMITTING IF
  • 20-8 IMPLIED CONDITIONS
  • 20-9 USING AS IF/AS THOUGH
  • 20-10 VERB FORMS FOLLOWING WISH
  • 20-11 USING WOULD TO MAKE WISHES ABOUT THE FUTURE
Appendix SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR UNITS
Unit A: BASIC GRAMMAR TERMINOLOGY
  • A-I SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND OBJECTS
  • A-2 PREPOSITIONS AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
  • A-3 ADJECTNES
  • A-4 ADVERBS
  • A-5 THE VERB BE
  • A-6 UNKING VERBS
Unit B: QUESTIONS
  • B-1 FORMS OFYESINO AND INFORMATION QUESTIONS
  • B-2 QUESTION WORDS
  • B-3 SHORTENEDYESINO QUESTIONS
  • B-4 NEGATNE QUESTIONS
  • B-5 TAG QUESTIONS
Unit C: CONTRACTIONS
Unit D: NEGATIVES
  • D-l USINGNOTANDOTHERNEGATNEWORDS
  • D-2 AVOIDING DOUBLE NEGATNES
  • D-3 BEGINNING A SENTENCE WITH A NEGATNE WORD
Unit E: PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS
  • E PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS WITH ADJECTNES AND VERBS
Unit F: CONNECTIVES TO GIVE EXAMPLES AND TO CONTINUE AN IDEA
  • F-l CONNECTNES TO GNE EXAMPLES
  • F-2 CONNECTNES TO CONTINUE THE SAME IDEA
Unit G: VERB FORM REVIEW EXERCISES
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